Web development involves creating websites and web applications. HTML structures content, CSS styles it, and JavaScript adds interactivity.

• Front-End: User-facing parts (HTML, CSS, JavaScript).
• Back-End: Server-side logic and databases.
• Full-Stack: Both front-end and back-end.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) uses tags to define webpage structure.

    


    
Hello, World!
    
This is a webpage.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) controls the appearance of webpages.

body {
    background-color: #f0f0f0;
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}

An HTML document has a standard structure:

lang="en">

    charset="UTF-8">
    


    <!-- Content here -->

Key HTML tags include:

• <h1> to <h6>: Headings.
• <p>: Paragraphs.
• <a>: Links (e.g., <a href="https://example.com">Link</a>).
• <img>: Images (e.g., <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description">).

Attributes add functionality to tags:

href="https://example.com" class="link">Click me

CSS can be applied in three ways:

<!-- External CSS -->
rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">

<!-- Internal CSS -->


<!-- Inline CSS -->
style="color: blue;">Text

CSS selectors target elements for styling:

.class {
    font-size: 16px;
}
#id {
    color: #333;
}

The box model defines element dimensions:

div {
    width: 200px;
    padding: 10px;
    border: 2px solid black;
    margin: 15px;
}

CSS positioning controls element placement:

.element {
    position: absolute;
    top: 10px;
    left: 20px;
}

Flexbox enables flexible layouts:

.container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 10px;
}

CSS Grid is used for two-dimensional layouts:

.grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
}

Responsive design ensures compatibility across devices:

• Fluid Layouts: Use percentages or vw/vh.
• Media Queries: Adjust styles based on screen size.
• Flexible Images: Use max-width: 100%.

Media queries adapt styles to conditions:

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    body {
        font-size: 14px;
    }
}

Relative units enhance responsiveness:

h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
}
img {
    max-width: 100%;
}

Transitions and animations enhance interactivity:

.box {
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}
.box:hover {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}
@keyframes fade {
    0% { opacity: 0; }
    100% { opacity: 1; }
}

Pseudo-classes and elements add dynamic styling:

a:hover {
    color: red;
}
p::first-letter {
    font-size: 1.5em;
}

CSS variables allow reusable values:

:root {
    --main-color: #0099ff;
}
h1 {
    color: var(--main-color);
}

Forms collect user input:

    for="name">Name:
    type="text" id="name" name="name">
    type="submit">Submit

Enhance form usability with CSS:

input {
    padding: 8px;
    border: 2px solid #0099ff;
}
input:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: green;
}

Accessibility ensures usability for all:

• Semantic HTML: Use tags like <nav>.
• ARIA: Enhance with attributes like aria-label.
• Contrast: Ensure readable colors.

Plan before coding:

• Goals: Define the site’s purpose.
• Wireframes: Sketch layouts.
• Content: Prepare text and images.

Build a portfolio to showcase skills:

    


    
My Projects
    
Showcase your work here.

Debug with tools:

• DevTools: Inspect elements.
• Validators: Check HTML/CSS.
• Testing: Test across browsers.